Fermentation of aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan may be physiologically important as this generates a wide range of bioactive end products. The microbiota-host interaction is indirectly mediated by metabolites, mostly derived from the metabolism of the undigestible fiber and amino acids by gut microorganisms in the colon. There exists a symbiotic and homeostatic association between the gut microbiota and the mucosal and immune cells of the intestine through direct interaction (via microbial adherence) and/or indirectly. This complex gut ecosystem includes a diverse and dynamic microbial community consisting predominantly of bacteria. The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbors a unique collection of microorganisms, referred to as the gut microbiota.
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